IKS0374現(xiàn)貨
制造業(yè)作為立國之本,強(qiáng)國之基,是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)。經(jīng)過幾十年的發(fā)展,我國制造業(yè)取得了舉
世矚目的發(fā)展成就,制造在國內(nèi)需求的同時(shí),也走向了市場。
2017年《財(cái)富》“500強(qiáng)”排行榜中,企業(yè)已經(jīng)達(dá)到115家,企業(yè)入榜數(shù)量連續(xù)第十
四年增長。但制造類企業(yè)尤其是創(chuàng)新型企業(yè)比較少。總體看,我國制造業(yè)仍處在分工的中低端,
大而不強(qiáng)。
隨著新經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的來臨,“制造2025”戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施,我國正在由制造大國向制造強(qiáng)國轉(zhuǎn)變,推動
制造業(yè)智造升級、加快邁向中的任務(wù)十分緊迫。
當(dāng)前我國制造業(yè)加快智造升級,在穩(wěn)增長、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、促轉(zhuǎn)型的征途上,不斷迸發(fā)出新動力,與此同時(shí)
各項(xiàng)與制造業(yè)相關(guān)政策的為制造業(yè)的發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)型升級提供了強(qiáng)的政策支持。
但隨著工廠自動化數(shù)據(jù)要求越來越高和通訊的實(shí)時(shí)性要求,一般的總線滿足不了實(shí)時(shí)性的要求,于是為了滿足市場的需要,西門子又推出了基于以太網(wǎng)的實(shí)時(shí)以太網(wǎng)通訊系統(tǒng)——Profinet。
Profinet為了滿足不同的需求也提供了不同的通訊方式:【9】
TCP/IP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通訊使用TCP/IP和IT標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。TCP/IP 是IT 領(lǐng)域關(guān)于通信協(xié)議方面事實(shí)上的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),盡管其響應(yīng)時(shí)間大概在100 ms的量級,不過,對于工廠控制級的應(yīng)用來說,這個(gè)響應(yīng)時(shí)間就足夠了?!?0】
實(shí)時(shí)(RT)通訊對于傳感器和執(zhí)行器設(shè)備之間的數(shù)據(jù)交換,系統(tǒng)對響應(yīng)時(shí)間的要求更為嚴(yán)格,大概需要5-10ms的響應(yīng)時(shí)間。目前,可以使用現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)達(dá)到這個(gè)響應(yīng)時(shí)間,如PROFIBUS DP。對于基于TCP/IP的工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)技術(shù)來說,使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通信棧來處理過程數(shù)據(jù)包,需要很可觀的時(shí)間,因此,PROFINET提供了一個(gè)優(yōu)化的、基于以太網(wǎng)第二層(Layer 2)的實(shí)時(shí)通訊通道,通過該實(shí)時(shí)通道,極大地減少了數(shù)據(jù)在通訊棧中的處理時(shí)間,因此,PROFINET獲得了等同、甚至超過傳統(tǒng)現(xiàn)場總線系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時(shí)性能?!?1】
同步實(shí)時(shí)(IRT)通訊在現(xiàn)場級通訊中,對通訊實(shí)時(shí)性要求高的是運(yùn)動控制(Motion Control),PROFINET的同步實(shí)時(shí)(Isochronous Real-Time, IRT)技術(shù)可以滿足運(yùn)動控制的高速通訊需求,在100個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)下,其響應(yīng)時(shí)間要小于1ms,抖動誤差要小于1μs,以此來保證及時(shí)的、確定的響應(yīng)。【12】
結(jié)論
工廠自動化需要控制功能繼而誕生了plc,需要監(jiān)控功能從而產(chǎn)生了WINCC,到后來車間越來越大,每個(gè)車間之間需要互相通訊協(xié)調(diào)工作進(jìn)而現(xiàn)場總線應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。從而能完整的構(gòu)建成一個(gè)工廠自動化控制系統(tǒng)。在現(xiàn)在的社會上,自動化變得越來越不可或缺,自動化釋放了人力勞動,利用機(jī)器為社會創(chuàng)造著無數(shù)價(jià)值。人們從底層的體力勞動中被釋放出來,提高了全人類的生活質(zhì)量,自動化是全發(fā)展的的方向。雖然我國總體的自動化水平還沒有到達(dá)一個(gè)很高的層面,但是它還是向著一個(gè)正確的方向發(fā)展著,我相信有一天我國的自動化水平會有一個(gè)質(zhì)的飛躍。這需要所有自動化人的努力和堅(jiān)持。
本綜述就西門子公司的工廠自動化作了一些顯淺的介紹,西門子公司一直走在自動化行業(yè)的前列,我覺得這是很有代表性的。西門子工廠自動化設(shè)備因其高度的穩(wěn)定性和抗干擾能而一直占據(jù)我國自動化市場的龍頭位置,其人機(jī)界面和plc通訊的方便性,界面的友好性也是它得到推廣的重要原因。Profibus作為西門子公司的主打總線,被推為德國的總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在我國也是廣泛應(yīng)用的。我國的自動化相對于德國來說只能算是剛剛起步,我們必須承認(rèn)我們之間的差距,虛心向老大哥學(xué)習(xí),我們國內(nèi)的自動化公司雖然即使在國內(nèi)的使用率也不算高,但是進(jìn)步還是明顯的,要走向,我國的自動化還有很長的一段路要走。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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