BOSCH 1-827-030-116
線性程序具有簡(jiǎn)單、直接的特點(diǎn)。編程時(shí),不必考慮功能塊如何編程及如何調(diào)用,也不必考慮如何定義局部變量及如何使用背景數(shù)據(jù)塊。由于所有的指令在一個(gè)塊內(nèi),因此它適用于只需一個(gè)人編寫的、相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的控制程序。
這是一種部分模塊化的程序結(jié)構(gòu),也稱為部分結(jié)構(gòu)化。程序被分成各部分放在若干功能塊中,每個(gè)功能塊含有用于一種設(shè)備的一系列控制邏輯。放置在組織塊OB1中的指令決定控制程序的各功能塊的執(zhí)行。比如說,一個(gè)分部程序可能包含以下內(nèi)容:
(1) 用于控制設(shè)備每一部分的FC;
(2) 用于控制設(shè)備每一工作狀態(tài)的FC;
(3) 用于控制操作員接口的FC;
(4) 用于進(jìn)行PLC自診斷的FC。
在分部程序中,既無(wú)數(shù)據(jù)交換也沒有重復(fù)利用的程序代碼。各功能塊收集并使用自己的數(shù)據(jù),功能塊不傳遞也不接收參數(shù),功能塊的編程與調(diào)用比較簡(jiǎn)單。由于每個(gè)功能區(qū)分為不同的塊,因而使得多個(gè)程序員能夠同時(shí)編程而不發(fā)生沖突。分部程序結(jié)構(gòu)的編程效率比線性程序有所提高,程序測(cè)試也較方便,對(duì)程序員的要求也不太高。對(duì)不太復(fù)雜的控制程序可考慮采用這種程序結(jié)構(gòu)。
3. 結(jié)構(gòu)化程序結(jié)構(gòu)
完全結(jié)構(gòu)化(模塊化)的程序結(jié)構(gòu)是PLC程序設(shè)計(jì)和編程有效的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,它可用于復(fù)雜程度高、程序規(guī)模大的控制應(yīng)用程序設(shè)計(jì)。結(jié)構(gòu)化程序可以重復(fù)使用某些功能塊,只需要在使用功能塊時(shí)為其提供不同的環(huán)境變量(實(shí)參),就能完成對(duì)不同設(shè)備的控制。例如,在工業(yè)攪拌控制過程中有三臺(tái)泵,對(duì)它們的控制功能相似,可以編寫一個(gè)用于對(duì)泵進(jìn)行控制的功能塊,編程時(shí)先定義泵控制所需的變量(形參),并使用這些變量構(gòu)成一個(gè)稱為“泵控制”的一般功能塊。在調(diào)用該功能塊時(shí),通過改變傳入功能塊中的參數(shù)(實(shí)參),可以分別對(duì)成分A、成分B和攪拌桶中的三臺(tái)泵進(jìn)行控制。
結(jié)構(gòu)化程序有高的編程和程序調(diào)試效率,應(yīng)用程序代碼量也小。結(jié)構(gòu)化程序也支持多個(gè)程序員協(xié)同編程。這種程序結(jié)構(gòu)建立在對(duì)PLC系統(tǒng)功能的合理分析、分解及綜合的基礎(chǔ)之上,程序具體結(jié)構(gòu)形式的確定與程序設(shè)計(jì)人員的水平及經(jīng)驗(yàn)關(guān)系很大,對(duì)程序員的要求也較前兩種高。
1. 將過程分割為任務(wù)和區(qū)域
一個(gè)自動(dòng)化過程包括許多單個(gè)的任務(wù),通過識(shí)別一個(gè)過程內(nèi)的相關(guān)任務(wù)組,然后將這些組再分解為更小的任務(wù),即使復(fù)雜的過程也能夠被定義。下面將這個(gè)工業(yè)攪拌過程構(gòu)造為四個(gè)功能區(qū)域:配料A區(qū)域、配料B區(qū)域、混合罐區(qū)域和排料區(qū)域。
2. 說明各個(gè)功能區(qū)域
1) 配料A和配料B區(qū)域
(1) 每種配料的管道都配備有一個(gè)入口和一個(gè)進(jìn)料閥以及進(jìn)料泵。
(2) 進(jìn)料管還有流量傳感器。
(3) 當(dāng)罐的液面?zhèn)鞲衅髦甘竟逎M時(shí),進(jìn)料泵的接通必須被鎖定。
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BOSCH 1-827-030-116
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BOSCH 1-827-030-116
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BOSCH 1-827-030-116